Leukemia is a form of cancer that starts in the tissue that forms blood. It is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow. Leukemia got its name from leukocytes (white blood cells) because Leukemia is characterized by an abnormal increase of blood cells, usually leukocytes. In a person suffering from leukemia, the bone marrow produce malfunctioning white blood cells. Such abnormal or malfunctioning white blood cells are leukemia cells. These malfunctioning leukemia cells don't die when they should like normal blood cells. When they don't die they crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets and stops normal blood cells from performing their work properly. Leukemia is a broad term, covering a spectrum of diseases.
Leukemia is divided into two division; Acute and Chronic on the basis of how quickly the disease develops and gets worse. Acute leukemia gets worse more quickly while Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly. Now let's go deep into this division.
* Acute Leukemia
The main characteristic of Acute Leukemia is the rapid increment of immature blood cells. The leukemia cells can't do any of the work of normal white blood cells. And the crowding of this immature leukemia cells prevents the bone marrow from producing healthy blood cells. Acute leukemia worsens quickly because of the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells which then spill over into bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. A
person suffering from Acute leukemia should be provided with immediate treatment. Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of leukemia seen in children.
* Chronic Leukemia
It is characterized by the excessive build of relatively mature white blood cells but still they are abnormal and malfunctioning. Early in the disease, the leukemia cells can perform works like normal white blood cells. The symptoms of chronic leukemia are very hard to see or find in early stages. Chronic leukemia cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal cells taking months or years to progress and instead of normal white blood cells, abnormal white blood cells fills the blood. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly. When symptoms do appear, they are usually mild at first and worsens gradually. Mostly, old age people suffer from Chronic leukemia but theoretically it can occur in any age group.
The types of leukemia can be further divided into four different types. The disease are subdivided on the basis of which kind of blood cells is affected. Leukemia occurs in lymphoid cells or myeloid cells.Leukemia affecting lymphoid cells is called lymphoid, lymphocyte or lymphoblastic leukemia where the cancerous change t
akes placein a type of marrow cell which normally goes on to form lymphocytes, known as infection-fighting immune system cells.
On other hand, leukemia that affects myeloid cells is called myeloid, myelogenous or myeloblastic leukemia in which the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell which normally goes on to form red blood cells, some other types of white blood cells and platelets.
By combining the first division and the second sub-division, we get a total of four common types of leukemia.
* Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)affects lymphoid cells and the rate of it's growth is very fast. It is the most common type of leukemia seen in children. Not only in children, this disease is also seen ion adults. Age group of 65 and over is mostly affected by this disease in adults. Each year nearly 5000 new cases of this leukemia comes in account. The treatment of ALL involve chemotherapy and radiation. There is a good survival chance for children as children suffering from this cancer has the survival chance of 85%. While for adults, the survival rate from suffering this cancer is hardly 50%.
* Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurs mostly in adults rather than in children. They affects myeloid cells and it's rate of growth is also fast. According to the Cancer statistics, it accounts for more than 13,000 new cases of this leukemia each year. mostly men are affected by this disease rather than women in adults. The treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia includes chemotherapy. It is a killer disease. The victim has hardly 40% of survival rate for 5 years. Some other forms of acute myelogenous leukemia are acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
*Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects lymphoid cells and it's rate of growth is rather slow. Most people who are being affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia are of the age of 55 and above. Sometimes it
is also seen in some younger adults but it almost never affects children. In comparison between male and female, male are more affected by CLL. It is almost incurable disease but still there are many effective treatments to lessen it's effects. The 5 year survival rate of the victim is 75%. CLL has only one subtype; B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia which is more aggressive and killer disease. According to the cancer statistics, it accounts for 15,000 new cases of CLL each year.
* Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia affects myeloid cells and usually grow rather slowly at first. This disease is mainly in adults. But it is also seen adults. But it is also seen in children very rarely. According to the cancer statistics, it accounts for nearly 5,000 new cases of this leukemia each year. Imatinib (gleeves) or the other drugs is the only treatment. Its victim has the survival rate of 90% for five years. It also has only one type subtype which is known as chronic monocytic leukemia.
There are some other forms of leukemia too but they are considered to be outside of this classification. some of such forms of leukemia are:-
1. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)
2. T-cell prolymphocytic Leukemia (T-PLL)
3. Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
4. Adult T-cell leukemia
* Diagnosis
Diagnosis of the leukemia is usually based on the repeating of complete blood counts and a bone marrow examination following symptoms observed. Also diagnosis of certain types of leukemia in certain situation can be done by performing a lymph node biosy. Following diagnosis, blood chemistry tests is also helpful to determine the degree of liver and kidney damage or the effect of chemotherapy on the patient. Use of X-ray, MRI or ultrasound is helpful in knowing visible damage due to leukemia. CT-scans are rarely used to check lymph nodes in the chest.
Though there are a lots of methods of diagnosis of leukemia, many people have not been diagnosed because many of the symptoms are vague, unspecified and can refer to other diseases.
* Acute Leukemia
The main characteristic of Acute Leukemia is the rapid increment of immature blood cells. The leukemia cells can't do any of the work of normal white blood cells. And the crowding of this immature leukemia cells prevents the bone marrow from producing healthy blood cells. Acute leukemia worsens quickly because of the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells which then spill over into bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. A
person suffering from Acute leukemia should be provided with immediate treatment. Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of leukemia seen in children.* Chronic Leukemia
It is characterized by the excessive build of relatively mature white blood cells but still they are abnormal and malfunctioning. Early in the disease, the leukemia cells can perform works like normal white blood cells. The symptoms of chronic leukemia are very hard to see or find in early stages. Chronic leukemia cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal cells taking months or years to progress and instead of normal white blood cells, abnormal white blood cells fills the blood. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly. When symptoms do appear, they are usually mild at first and worsens gradually. Mostly, old age people suffer from Chronic leukemia but theoretically it can occur in any age group.
The types of leukemia can be further divided into four different types. The disease are subdivided on the basis of which kind of blood cells is affected. Leukemia occurs in lymphoid cells or myeloid cells.Leukemia affecting lymphoid cells is called lymphoid, lymphocyte or lymphoblastic leukemia where the cancerous change t
akes placein a type of marrow cell which normally goes on to form lymphocytes, known as infection-fighting immune system cells.On other hand, leukemia that affects myeloid cells is called myeloid, myelogenous or myeloblastic leukemia in which the cancerous change takes place in a type of marrow cell which normally goes on to form red blood cells, some other types of white blood cells and platelets.
By combining the first division and the second sub-division, we get a total of four common types of leukemia.
* Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)affects lymphoid cells and the rate of it's growth is very fast. It is the most common type of leukemia seen in children. Not only in children, this disease is also seen ion adults. Age group of 65 and over is mostly affected by this disease in adults. Each year nearly 5000 new cases of this leukemia comes in account. The treatment of ALL involve chemotherapy and radiation. There is a good survival chance for children as children suffering from this cancer has the survival chance of 85%. While for adults, the survival rate from suffering this cancer is hardly 50%.
* Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurs mostly in adults rather than in children. They affects myeloid cells and it's rate of growth is also fast. According to the Cancer statistics, it accounts for more than 13,000 new cases of this leukemia each year. mostly men are affected by this disease rather than women in adults. The treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia includes chemotherapy. It is a killer disease. The victim has hardly 40% of survival rate for 5 years. Some other forms of acute myelogenous leukemia are acute promyelocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
*Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) affects lymphoid cells and it's rate of growth is rather slow. Most people who are being affected by chronic lymphocytic leukemia are of the age of 55 and above. Sometimes it
is also seen in some younger adults but it almost never affects children. In comparison between male and female, male are more affected by CLL. It is almost incurable disease but still there are many effective treatments to lessen it's effects. The 5 year survival rate of the victim is 75%. CLL has only one subtype; B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia which is more aggressive and killer disease. According to the cancer statistics, it accounts for 15,000 new cases of CLL each year.* Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Chronic myelogenous leukemia affects myeloid cells and usually grow rather slowly at first. This disease is mainly in adults. But it is also seen adults. But it is also seen in children very rarely. According to the cancer statistics, it accounts for nearly 5,000 new cases of this leukemia each year. Imatinib (gleeves) or the other drugs is the only treatment. Its victim has the survival rate of 90% for five years. It also has only one type subtype which is known as chronic monocytic leukemia.
There are some other forms of leukemia too but they are considered to be outside of this classification. some of such forms of leukemia are:-
1. Hairy Cell Leukemia (HCL)
2. T-cell prolymphocytic Leukemia (T-PLL)
3. Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
4. Adult T-cell leukemia
* Diagnosis
Diagnosis of the leukemia is usually based on the repeating of complete blood counts and a bone marrow examination following symptoms observed. Also diagnosis of certain types of leukemia in certain situation can be done by performing a lymph node biosy. Following diagnosis, blood chemistry tests is also helpful to determine the degree of liver and kidney damage or the effect of chemotherapy on the patient. Use of X-ray, MRI or ultrasound is helpful in knowing visible damage due to leukemia. CT-scans are rarely used to check lymph nodes in the chest.
Though there are a lots of methods of diagnosis of leukemia, many people have not been diagnosed because many of the symptoms are vague, unspecified and can refer to other diseases.
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